DEALING WITH MENTAL DISORDER

MENTAL DISORDER (PART2)

OTHER RELATED SUBSTANCE SUBJECTED TO SUCH DISORDER

                                                 

We all know these substances, and some might have used these or taken these substances and badly over taken these. Substances subjected for having such disorder is caused for the most part of abusively taking, medicating and using of as follows:

● alcohol ● amphetamine ●caffeine ●cannabis ●cocaine ●hallucinogens ●inhalants ● nicotine

 ● opioids ● pheycylidine ●sedatives, hypnotics and anxiolytics.

 But what are those? And why these substances became area under discussion to such chaos?

ALCOHOL USE DISORDER

   Disorders associated with alcohol are caused by the ingestion of alcohol over a period of time and in ways that leads to problems with health, personal relationships, school, or work. Alcohol use disorders include alcohol dependence, alcohol abuse, alcohol intoxication, and alcohol withdrawal.

 AMPHETAMINES USE DISORDER

Amphetamines are a group of powerful and highly addictive substances that dramatically affect the central nervous system. They induce a feeling of well-being and improve alertness, attention, and performance on various cognitive and motor tasks.
 Amphetamine-related disorders refer to the effects of abuse, dependence, and acute intoxication stemming from inappropriate amphetamine and amphetamine-related drug usage. 

CAFFEINE USE DISORDER

Caffeine is a white, bitter crystalline alkaloid derived from coffee or tea. It belongs to a class of compounds called xanthines, its chemical formula being 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine. Caffeine is classified together with cocaine and amphetamines as an analeptic, or central nervous system stimulant.

Caffeine-related disorders are often unrecognized for a number of reasons:

1. Caffeine has a "low profile" as a drug of abuse.  
2. People often underestimate the amount of caffeine they consume on a daily basis because they think of caffeine only in connection with coffee as a beverage. Tea, cocoa, and some types of soft drink, including root beer and orange soda as well as cola beverages, also contain significant amounts of caffeine. 
3. Caffeine has some legitimate medical uses in athletic training and in the relief of tension-type headaches.
4. Caffeine is less likely to produce the same degree of physical or psychological dependence as other drugs of abuse.
5. The symptoms of caffeine intoxication are easy to confuse with those of an anxiety disorder.

CANNABIS USE DISORDER

Cannabis, more commonly called marijuana, refers to the several varieties of Cannabis sativa , or Indian hemp plant, that contains the psychoactive drug delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Cannabis-related disorders refer to problems associated with the use of substances derived from this plant.

Cannabis—in the form of marijuana, hashish or other cannabinoids—is considered the most commonly used illegal substance in the world. 

 There are more than 200 slang terms for marijuana, including "pot," "herb," "weed," "Mary Jane," "grass," "tea," and "ganja."  

COCAINE USE DISORDER

Cocaine is extracted from the coca plant, which grows in Central and South America. The substance is processed into many forms for use as an illegal drug of abuse. Cocaine is dangerously addictive, and users of the drug experience a "high"—a feeling of euphoria or intense happiness, along with hypervigilance, increased sensitivity, irritablity or anger, impaired judgment, and anxiety. 

HALLOCINOGENS USE DISORDER

Hallucinogens are a chemically diverse group of drugs that cause changes in a person's thought processes, perceptions of the physical world, and sense of time passing. Hallucinogens can be found naturally in some plants, and can be synthesized in the laboratory. Most hallucinogens are abused as recreational drugs. Hallucinogens are also called psychedelic drugs. 

INHALANTS USE DISORDER

The inhalants are a class of drugs that include a broad range of chemicals found in hundreds of different products, many of which are readily available to the general population.

Examples include glue, gasoline, paint thinner, hair spray, lighter fluid, spray paint, nail polish remover, correction fluid, rubber cement, felt-tip marker fluids, vegetable sprays, and certain cleaners. 

NICOTINE USE DISORDER

Nicotine is the most addictive and psychoactive chemical in tobacco, a plant native to the New World. Pure nicotine is a colorless liquid that turns brown and smells like tobacco when exposed to air. Nicotine can be absorbed through the skin, the lining of the mouth and nose, and the moist tissues lining the lungs. Cigarettes are the most efficient nicotine delivery system.

OPIOIDS USE DISORDER

Opioids are a class of drugs that include both natural and synthetic substances. The natural opioids (referred to as opiates) include opium and morphine. Heroin, the most abused opioid, is synthesized from opium.

PHENCYCLIDINE USE DISORDER

Phencyclidine (PCP) is a street drug known as "angel dust" that causes physiological changes to the nervous and circulatory system, disturbances in thinking and behavior, and can cause hallucinations , psychotic disorder, mood disorder, and anxiety disorder. 

SLEEP DISORDER DRUGS ( HYNOTICS AND SEDATIVES )

Insomnia, a disorder of sleep, occurs occasionally in most people but usually lasts only a few days. The body then "corrects" itself naturally, and people return to a normal pattern of sleep. 

ANXIOLYTICS DRUGS

An anxiolytic  is a drug used for the treatment of anxiety, and its related psychological and physical symptoms. Anxiolytics have been shown to be useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders.