DEALING WITH DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS

SEXUAL AND GENDER IDENTITY DISORDERS

A. SEXUAL IDENTITY DISORDER
Sexual disorders include problems of sexual identity, sexual performance, and sexual aim.

Sexual Dysfunctions

Sexual dysfunctions prevent or reduce an individual's enjoyment of normal sex and prevent or reduce the normal physiological changes brought on normally by sexual arousal.1 These dysfunctions can be classified by the phase of the sexual cycle in which they occur. It is important to keep in mind that the diagnosis of sexual dysfunction is made only when the disability persists.1 Any of them could occur occasionally or be caused by a temporary factor such as fatigue, sickness, alcohol, or drugs.


The Desire Phase

There are two types of dysfunctions that can occur during the desire phase. One is hypoactive desire, which is basically a disinterest in sexual activity. It results in a complete or almost complete lack of desire to have any type of sexual relation. This can often result in the participation in intercourse as a simple marital duty. 1

The second type is an aversion to sex. This is different from simple hypoactive sexual desire in that sexual activity actually repulses the person or makes them unusually apprehensive. This is most often the result of a traumatic sexual experience, such as molestation as a child or rape.


The Arousal Phase

Erectile dysfunction is the inability of males to attain or sustain erection long enough for coitus. The inability of females to become sexually aroused is sexual arousal disorder.


The Orgasm Phase

When males are unable to control ejaculation so that it occurs before satisfying sexual relations can take place with the partner, it is known as premature ejaculation. Ejaculatory incompetence is the lack or delay of reaching orgasm in males. The female version of this is inhibited female orgasm, the lack or delay of reaching orgasm in females.



Sexual Pain Disorders

There are two sexual pain disorders. Dyspareunia is when pain occurs during intercourse. This is predominantly a female complaint, but it does occur in males occasionally. Vaginismus is a female disorder in which involuntary spasmodic muscle contractions occur at the entrance to the vagina when an attempt is made to insert the penis. If intercourse is attempted despite these contractions, a painful sexual experience results.

WHAT IS PARAPHILIA?

Paraphilias are sexual behaviors in which unusual objects or scenarios are necessary to achieve sexual excitement.1 Eight paraphilias are recognized which are grouped into 3 broad catergories.


Preferences for Nonhuman Objects

There are two types of preferences for nonhuman objects: fetishism and transvestism.

Fetishism
A fetish exists when a person is sexually aroused by a nonliving object. It can manifest in two ways, one more extreme than the other. One form associates coitus with some object (most frequently women's panties or other undergarments1 ). It is relatively harmless if the action is taken playfully and is acceptable to the person's partner. Focus on certain parts of the body (feet, hair, ears, etc) aside from those part of the pleasurable foreplay, can become fetishistic in its hold on the individual.
The more extreme form of fetishism is when a nonliving object completely substitutes for a human partner, such as underwear, boots, and shoes or such textured objects as velvet or silk. Here, orgasm is achieved when the person is alone, fondling the object.



Transvestism
This paraphilia exists when the person achieves sexual excitement by cross-dressing. This is very rarely found in females so the male side of this paraphilia will be used as the example.

Two different purposes seem to be associated with this act in different individuals. In one aspect the person seeks to intensify sexual excitement in intercourse with a partner by only partially dressing as a woman. In the other form, the male moves about in full female regailia, which suggests some type of gender identity problem but not necessarily homosexuality.



Preferences for Situations Causing Suffering

Sadism and Masochism
The term sadist is derived from the reported violent sexual exploits of the Marquis de Sade. "Sadist" is applied to those who derive sexual excitement from the pain of others. The term masochist was derived from the writing of Leopold von Sacher-Masoch whose characters sought out women who would beat them. "Masochist" is applied to those who derive sexual excitement through their own pain. Hence, sadists and masochists go hand in hand, one depending on the need of the other. The danger of these needs is that each may need succesively more brutal treatment to satisfy their sexual needs.



Preference for Nonconsenting Partners

The three types of this catergory of paraphilia are exhibitionism, voyeurism, and pedophilia. All three are considered crimes in this country and are almost entirely male crimes.

Exhibitionism
Exhibitionism is the exposure of one's genitals in a public place. It is the most prominent sexual offense leading to arrest and makes up one third of all sexual crimes.1 From the psychological point of view, there are three characteristic features of the exhibition. First, it is always performed for unknown women; second, it always takes place where sexual intercourse is impossible, for example in a crowded shopping mall; and third, it must be shocking for the unknown woman or it seems to lose its power to produce sexual arousal in the individual. Exhibitionists are not assaultive and are considered more of a nuisance than an actual danger.


Voyeurism
Looking at sexually arousing pictures or situations is a relatively common, apparently normal activity. The difference between this and voyeurism is that in normal watching, the viewing is a prelude to normal sexual activity. In the voyeur or "Peeping Tom" the experience replaces normal sexual activity. Nevertheless, voyeurism may exist in a person who also engages in normal heterosexual activity.1


Pedophilia
Pedophilia is the act of deriving sexual excitement through the physical contact of children. This paraphilia is radically different from exhibitionism and voyeurism in its severely damaging impact on the nonconsenting partner, a child. Ordinarily, the pedophiliac is someone who has ready access to the child. The child or parent would have no reason to suspect that the individual has a pedophilic orientation.

B. GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER

A person with a gender identity disorder is a person who strongly identifies with the other sex. The individual may identify with the opposite sex to the point of believing that he/she is, in fact, a member of the other sex who is trapped in the wrong body. This causes that person to experience serious discomfort with his/her own biological sex orientation. The gender identity disorder causes problems for this person in school, work or social settings. This disorder is different from transvestism or transvestic fetishism where cross-dressing occurs for sexual pleasure, but the transvestite does not identify with the other sex. 

 

ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS THAT MAY BE A FOCUS OF MEDICAL ATTENTION

IT INCLUDES:
1. Non Compliance with Treatment
2. Malingering
3. Adult Antisocial Behavior
4. Child or Adolescent Antisocial Behavior
5. Borderline Intellectual Functioning
6. Age-Related Cognitive Decline
7. Bereavement
8. Academic Problem
9. Occupational Problem
10. Identity Problem
11. Religious or Spiritual Problems
12. Acculturation Problem
13. Phase of Life Problem

DEALING WITH MENTAL DISORDER

MENTAL DISORDER (PART2)

OTHER RELATED SUBSTANCE SUBJECTED TO SUCH DISORDER

                                                 

We all know these substances, and some might have used these or taken these substances and badly over taken these. Substances subjected for having such disorder is caused for the most part of abusively taking, medicating and using of as follows:

● alcohol ● amphetamine ●caffeine ●cannabis ●cocaine ●hallucinogens ●inhalants ● nicotine

 ● opioids ● pheycylidine ●sedatives, hypnotics and anxiolytics.

 But what are those? And why these substances became area under discussion to such chaos?

ALCOHOL USE DISORDER

   Disorders associated with alcohol are caused by the ingestion of alcohol over a period of time and in ways that leads to problems with health, personal relationships, school, or work. Alcohol use disorders include alcohol dependence, alcohol abuse, alcohol intoxication, and alcohol withdrawal.

 AMPHETAMINES USE DISORDER

Amphetamines are a group of powerful and highly addictive substances that dramatically affect the central nervous system. They induce a feeling of well-being and improve alertness, attention, and performance on various cognitive and motor tasks.
 Amphetamine-related disorders refer to the effects of abuse, dependence, and acute intoxication stemming from inappropriate amphetamine and amphetamine-related drug usage. 

CAFFEINE USE DISORDER

Caffeine is a white, bitter crystalline alkaloid derived from coffee or tea. It belongs to a class of compounds called xanthines, its chemical formula being 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine. Caffeine is classified together with cocaine and amphetamines as an analeptic, or central nervous system stimulant.

Caffeine-related disorders are often unrecognized for a number of reasons:

1. Caffeine has a "low profile" as a drug of abuse.  
2. People often underestimate the amount of caffeine they consume on a daily basis because they think of caffeine only in connection with coffee as a beverage. Tea, cocoa, and some types of soft drink, including root beer and orange soda as well as cola beverages, also contain significant amounts of caffeine. 
3. Caffeine has some legitimate medical uses in athletic training and in the relief of tension-type headaches.
4. Caffeine is less likely to produce the same degree of physical or psychological dependence as other drugs of abuse.
5. The symptoms of caffeine intoxication are easy to confuse with those of an anxiety disorder.

CANNABIS USE DISORDER

Cannabis, more commonly called marijuana, refers to the several varieties of Cannabis sativa , or Indian hemp plant, that contains the psychoactive drug delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Cannabis-related disorders refer to problems associated with the use of substances derived from this plant.

Cannabis—in the form of marijuana, hashish or other cannabinoids—is considered the most commonly used illegal substance in the world. 

 There are more than 200 slang terms for marijuana, including "pot," "herb," "weed," "Mary Jane," "grass," "tea," and "ganja."  

COCAINE USE DISORDER

Cocaine is extracted from the coca plant, which grows in Central and South America. The substance is processed into many forms for use as an illegal drug of abuse. Cocaine is dangerously addictive, and users of the drug experience a "high"—a feeling of euphoria or intense happiness, along with hypervigilance, increased sensitivity, irritablity or anger, impaired judgment, and anxiety. 

HALLOCINOGENS USE DISORDER

Hallucinogens are a chemically diverse group of drugs that cause changes in a person's thought processes, perceptions of the physical world, and sense of time passing. Hallucinogens can be found naturally in some plants, and can be synthesized in the laboratory. Most hallucinogens are abused as recreational drugs. Hallucinogens are also called psychedelic drugs. 

INHALANTS USE DISORDER

The inhalants are a class of drugs that include a broad range of chemicals found in hundreds of different products, many of which are readily available to the general population.

Examples include glue, gasoline, paint thinner, hair spray, lighter fluid, spray paint, nail polish remover, correction fluid, rubber cement, felt-tip marker fluids, vegetable sprays, and certain cleaners. 

NICOTINE USE DISORDER

Nicotine is the most addictive and psychoactive chemical in tobacco, a plant native to the New World. Pure nicotine is a colorless liquid that turns brown and smells like tobacco when exposed to air. Nicotine can be absorbed through the skin, the lining of the mouth and nose, and the moist tissues lining the lungs. Cigarettes are the most efficient nicotine delivery system.

OPIOIDS USE DISORDER

Opioids are a class of drugs that include both natural and synthetic substances. The natural opioids (referred to as opiates) include opium and morphine. Heroin, the most abused opioid, is synthesized from opium.

PHENCYCLIDINE USE DISORDER

Phencyclidine (PCP) is a street drug known as "angel dust" that causes physiological changes to the nervous and circulatory system, disturbances in thinking and behavior, and can cause hallucinations , psychotic disorder, mood disorder, and anxiety disorder. 

SLEEP DISORDER DRUGS ( HYNOTICS AND SEDATIVES )

Insomnia, a disorder of sleep, occurs occasionally in most people but usually lasts only a few days. The body then "corrects" itself naturally, and people return to a normal pattern of sleep. 

ANXIOLYTICS DRUGS

An anxiolytic  is a drug used for the treatment of anxiety, and its related psychological and physical symptoms. Anxiolytics have been shown to be useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

 

 

 

 

  

 

  
     
 

DEALING WITH MENTAL DISORDERS

MENTAL DISORDER (PART1)

THE FEEDING AND THE EATING DISORDERS OF INFANCY OR EARLY CHILDHOOD

 

" Feeding problems are real; they are hard-wired and neurological. Their far-reaching effects are nutritional, interpersonal, behavioral and developmental, altering the sense of self and self-esteem, family relations, sociability, as well as academic and professional performance."

 Have you seen a woman, a child, or a baby eating painted plaster or dirt  eating r ingestion of animal feces. Well that was the most common sign of a person having a FEEDING DISORDER called PICA. Did you also know that pica is most common in babies, children and adult woman mainly the pregnant.
THEN WHAT IS PICA BY THE WAY?

Pica is an appetite for non-nutritive substances (e.g., coal, soil, chalk, paper etc.) or an abnormal appetite for some things that may be considered foods, such as food ingredients (e.g., flour, raw potato, starch). In order for these actions to be considered pica, they must persist for more than one month, at an age where eating such objects is considered developmentally inappropriate. The condition's name comes from the Latin word for the magpie, a bird which is reputed to eatalmost
anything. Pica is seen in all ages, particularly in pregnant women and small children, especially among children who are developmentally disabled, where it is the most common eating disorder.
Examples of pica
• Amylophagia (consumption of starch)
• Coprophagy (consumption of feces)
• Geophagy (consumption of soil, clay, or chalk)
• Hyalophagia (consumption of glass)
• Consumption of dust or sand has been reported among iron-deficient patients.
• Mucophagia (consumption of mucus)
• Odowa (soft stones eaten by pregnant women in Kenya)[23]
• Pagophagia (pathological consumption of ice)
• Self-cannibalism (rare condition where body parts may be consumed; see also Lesch-Nyhan syndrome)
• Trichophagia (consumption of hair or wool)
• Urophagia (consumption of urine)
• Xylophagia (consumption of wood or paper)

Are you experiencing these things?
* Repeated regurgitation of food
* Repeated re-chewing of food
* Weight loss
* Bad breath and tooth decay
* Repeated stomachaches and indigestion
* Raw and chapped lips
- Be alarm because you might have the Rumination Disorder.

RUMINATION DISORDER is an eating disorder in which a person -- usually an infant or young child brings back up and re-chews partially digested food that has already been swallowed. In most cases, the re-chewed food is then swallowed again; but occasionally, the child will spit it out.

To be considered a disorder, this behavior must occur in children who had previously been eating normally, and it must occur on a regular basis usually daily for at least 1 month. The child may exhibit the behavior during feeding or right after eating.

“Though feeding problems may be based in “nature,” treatment and cure of these syndromes lies squarely within the bounds of “nurture,” assuming there is sufficient motivation and incentive to stimulate change.”